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Continuous dry digesters. Continuous dry digesters are characterized by the continuous feeding of raw materials and discharging of the digestate. The digester generally consists of a cylindrical reaction vessel and several devices for inoculum recycling. The details of such digester can be found in previous study.23,24 2. Batch dry digesters. Batch dry digesters are fed and operated in a batch mode. The mixture is discharged at the end of each batch of digestion. Such batch digesters are characterized by low investment cost, simple reactor system design, convenient manipulation and strong resistance to various substrates and thus show good application prospective in the developing countries. The influent solid concentration is usually 20%–40%. The digester styles include single stage, sequential that comprises two or more reactors, and the hybrid of batch-UASB
Large-scale dry digestion. Researchers and engineers in recent years have been striving to develop large-scale dry digestion technologies with low operational costs and favorable economic benefit. The digestion materials are difficult to be processed by the conventional pumps when the dry matter content reaches over 20%, and poor heat and mass transfer performance would also occur. Therefore, how to address these problems presents a crucial challenge, and various batch dry digesters with novel structural designs (e.g., large-scale garage dry biogas technology) have been developed.